Effects on Facial Aesthetics and Apnoeic Snoring after Mandibular Advancement with Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy: Two Case Reports

Mandibular advancement surgery is usually indicated in skeletally mature patients with hypoplastic mandible for restoration of harmonious maxillomandibular relationship in all the three planes apart from improving facial aesthetics, oro-facial functions and overall quality of life. Mandibular advancement is also an effective modality for treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with minimal incidence of post-operative complications. This case series describes interdisciplinary management of two skeletal Class II cases with hypoplastic mandible and associated Obstructive Sleep Apnea with mandibular advancement surgery. This would help the clinician in diagnosis and treatment planning of such cases.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000232.pdf

Prevalence of Dental Caries among Sugar Factory Workers - A Cross Sectional Survey

Introduction: Workers in sugar factories are considered to be at high risk for dental caries which is attributed to chronic exposure to sugar dust. Aims: Aim of the survey was to assess the prevalence of dental caries among the sugar factory workers in Davangere district, Karnataka, India. Settings and Design: A cross sectional survey Methods and Material: Voluntary written informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Data pertaining demographic characteristics, oral habits, dietary habits was collected using pretested study Performa along with details of caries experience and oral hygiene status (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth - DMFT Index and Oral Hygiene Index Simplified- OHI S Index). Examiners were trained and calibrated for the recording of indices. Statistical analysis used: Mann Whitney U tests, Kruskal Wallis ANOVA and Linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 315 participants were screened and the prevalence of dental caries was 88.4% among study population with the mean DMFT 3.58 ± 2.94. There was no significant difference in the caries experience of two different sugar factory workers. The caries experience of lower /lower middle class (3.97± 3.23) was significantly higher than the middle/ upper class (p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT was high among sugar factory workers in Davangere district. The caries experience was more among workers who brushed less frequently and had poor oral hygiene and who were engaged in pan chewing and alcohol consumption. The caries experience was significantly higher among low socio economic group compared to high and middle class groups.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000231.pdf

The Role of the Orthodontist during the Management of Patient with the Lip and Palatale Cleft

Objective: was the aim of this study was to assess cleft lip and /or palate (CL/P) patient’s management strategies, to determine the role of the orthodontist during primary and secondary treatment, to highlight the treatment needs of patients with cleft palates and to develop a management protocol suitable for these patients in order to reduce the sequelae. Materials and Methods: Through a cross-sectional descriptive study within the dento- facial orthopedic department of the dental consultation and treatment center of Casablanca, 120 patients with labio-alveolo-palato-velar clefts were interviewed and examined. A six page questionnaire was designed to collect the information needed for this study. Results: 51,7 % of the patients were males and 48,3% were females, primary surgery was generally done during the first months after birth, the lip and nose repair at the age of 6 months, the uranoplasty and veloplasty at the age of 12 months, bone grafting surgery was mainly done in patients between 5 and 11 years old .Orthodontic treatment was started in mixed dentition. Treatment of nasal, labial, and phonatory sequelea were provided later in life. Conclusion: The management of patients with CLP is still poor and needs further investigation in order to gain insight into persisting problems and needs.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000230.pdf

Correlation between the Perception of Personal Dental Appearance and the Residual Treatment Need amongst Underserved Indian Adolescents

Background: Measurement of malocclusion as a public health problem is extremely difficult since individual perceptions of malocclusion differs widely. Hence, planning orthodontic treatment within a public system requires information regarding aesthetic perception, their need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study assessed perception of dental attractiveness along with the need and demand for orthodontic treatment amongst Indian school children belonging to low socio-economic status. Study was conducted in North zone of Bangalore city; India involving 1010 children (460 boys and 550 girls) aged 12-15 years ‘government high schools. Pre-structured questionnaire in English language was administered including demographic characteristics, awareness of children’s own occlusions along with the visual perceptions of malocclusion comprising of two questions related to 10 standard intra-oral IOTN (Index of Orthodontic and Treatment Need) frontal photographs on which the subjects had to give an opinion about attractiveness. Clinical examination was also done using DAI (Dental Aesthetic Index) to assess severity of malocclusion along with its corresponding treatment need for the subjects. Results: Statistically significant difference was obtained between the subjective perception of occlusion amongst boys and girls. A negative although insignificant correlation was also observed between dental aesthetic index and the subjective perception of malocclusion for children belonging to low socio-economic status. Conclusion: Significant proportions of the children belonging to low socio-economic status were unaware and viewed their dental appearance as pleasant. Thus, there is a residual unmet need for orthodontic treatment among a majority of Indian children.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000229.pdf

Mouth Breather Diagnosis Considerations-A Critical Review

Introduction: The habit of oral respirator is characterized by the deleterious act of breathing through the mouth. It Is induced by anatomical alterations that cause respiratory disturbances inducing the affected children to use the oral route to breathe. Objective: This study aimed to perform a critical review of part of the literature to explain the mechanisms of oral respirator diagnosis, as well as the importance of it. Methods: We arbitrarily selected 30 relevant articles on the topic approached from the databases PUBMED/MEDLINE, SCIELO and LILACS, and extracted the main information for the production of this review. Results: Mouth breathing occurs by narrowing or obstruction of the airways that prevent the passage of air, causing the individual to breathe through the mouth. Hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids are common causes, being frequently diagnosed in children between 4 and 11 years of age. The habit of mouth breathing presents clinical manifestations peculiar to it, which imply biological, physiological, orthopedic and aesthetic alterations. Conclusion: For this, it is necessary that a multidisciplinary team perform the diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is essential that the dentist has the clinical knowledge for the management of the diagnosis and treatment of the oral respirator for the best quality of life of the patient.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000228.pdf 

Self Assembly Peptides- Biomimetic Material

Self-assembling peptides are peptides which undergo spontaneous assembling into ordered nanostructures. As dentistry we are moving towards minimal invasive methods and hence there is a growing interest with regard to this new material. Self assembling peptides can prevent dental caries at an early stage thus preventing surgical process of cavity preparation and restorations.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000227.pdf 

Association between Dental Agenesis and Cancer-A Systematic Review of Literature

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with clinical and etiological diversity. Teeth are formed from neural crest-derived mesenchyme and epithelium of the first branchial arch and part of the frontonasal process. Dental agenesis is characterized by congenital absence of teeth, affecting approximately 5% to 7% of the population, being more prevalent in the permanent dentition. Some types of cancers such colorectal, ovarian, lung and breast are described as containing association with dental agenesis, having induction factors in association where the mutation in some genes functions as these induction factors for the two pathologies. Through the model of the PRISMA review platform, literature databases were analyzed, where keywords of association of dental agenesis and cancer were used. We found 151 articles that made the association, but only 7 specifically met the search requirements. Some genes such as AXIN2, EDA, FGF3, FGFR2, FGFR10, MSX1 and PAX9 are directly associated with dental agenesis and cancers, such as colorectal, ovarian, lung and breast, since the inactivation of some of them also acts as an induction factor in the developmental predisposition neoplastic. More genetic studies are needed to prove the association between dental agenesis and other types of cancers. However, it is observed that people with dental agenesis already have pre-established genetic alterations, which acts as a facilitator of the development of cancer.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000226.pdf

The Use of Botox Injection to Treat Cerebral Palsy in Children

Background: Cerebral Palsy is the most common neuromuscular disability in children. It is a group of permanent disorders related to development of movement and posture that occurs in the infant’s brain. Cerebral Palsy results in spascitiy, along with many different abnormalities such as visual impairment, hearing loss salivation and speech problems. Although, these symptoms were previously treated by surgical intervention, during the recent years Botulinum Toxin A (BTXA) has gained popularity and acceptance from FDA and proved to a more superior approach in treatment of cerebral palsy when applied through a multilevel integrated approach. Objective: To understand the mechanism of action of BXA, to find out the recommended age, dose and technique and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of BTXA. Methodology: A literature review of more than 60 articles that were classified into 20 literature review, 20 RCT and others case control or cohort studies using a medical engine (Pubmed) were analyzed, organized and summarized. Results: Many studies have recommended earlier intervention for treatment of children with BTXA as children with younger age (2-6 years) show better response as their motion and gait patterns are still flexible. Furthermore, no technique or dose has proven to be more effective in treatment of cerebral palsy, even though literature shows the short life of BTXA (3 months) more established studies have found that repeated injections (up to 3 injections) have shown to increase the quality of life and gross motor function of these children up to 18 months after their injection. Conclusion: BTXA injections have proven to be effective in improving the gross motor function and quality of life of children with Cerebral Palsy. Also, BTXA injections have shown to be effective in treating dental symptoms of children with CP such as sialorrhea. The recommended approach for BTXA injections is a multilevel approach this can be done by combining the injections with conservative therapies such as physiotherapy, orthodontic management or casts. All adverse events associated with BTXA have been rated mild to moderate; no severe effects were reported.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000225.pdf 

Use or Misuse of Antibiotics in Pediatric Dentistry!!!

In children, unjustified used of antibiotic is very common; specifically for ear and dental infections. Antibiotics are used in dentistry for two for most reasons: to control oral infection and to reduce systemic bacteremia. Antibiotics are universally prescribed by dentists, uses and mishandlings of these drugs should be accustomed to all committed clinicians. Physiological as well as the correct dosage of the medicine is equally important. In this article, the dental conditions and appropriate antibiotics are mentioned. The intracanal medicaments are mentioned. The appropriate use of antibiotics is advised for Pediatric age group.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000224.pdf

Esthetic Replacement of Composite Veneers by Lithium Disilicate (E.Max CAD) Based Crowns: A Case Report

This case report highlights the rehabilitation of aesthetic smile by Lithium Disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) ceramic crowns of all upper anterior teeth that were compromised due to previous defective old composite veneers with poor color and design in esthetic zone.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000223.pdf 

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst- A Rare Case Report

Incisive canal cyst or nasopalatine duct cyst are the most common non odontogenic cysts of the maxilla. These are developmental cysts and are usually asymptomatic, occasionally produces a swelling in the anterior region of the palate and associated pain if secondarily infected. Histopathology shows non-keratinized epithelium with pseudo stratification, ciliation, with neurovascular bundles in the capsular wall. Surgical enucleation of the cyst is the main stay of treatment. Here we report the case of a 16 year old female patient with NPDC.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000222.pdf

A Review on Modalities of Treatment of External Cervical Root Resorption

External cervical resorption (ECR) describes the loss of dental hard tissue beginning at the cervical region of the root surface as a result of odontoclastic action. Studies have shown a prevalence of post traumatic injuries to permanent teeth that range from 3.9% to 58.6%.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000221.pdf

Evaluation of Bond Strength & Enamel Alterations with the Contemporary Light Cure Orthodontic Adhesives: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

Introduction: The introduction of acid etch technique in orthodontics has partially eliminated the banding technique due to factors like conservation of band space, prevention of decalcification beneath the loose bands and improved aesthetics and decreased cost. Two paste system, no mix adhesive, light activated direct bonding material and adhesive pre-coated brackets are present modifications of adhesive formulations. Materials and Methods: The sample of this in-vitro study consisted of ninety caries free, intact extracted mandibular first molar teeth. The roots of the teeth were embedded in the centre of a cold cure acrylic. A molar tube of 0.018” Roth prescription with micro etched base was bonded to each molar with three different bonding agents. All the molar tubes were subsequently tested for evaluation of shear bond strength with a universal testing machine. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the effect of various light cure adhesives on the enamel morphology. Results: Transbond-XT exhibited the highest bond strength (22.6 MPa) closely followed by Transbond Plus SEP (19.6 MPa) and GC Fuji Ortho LC (13.89 MPa). Conclusions: The adequate bond strength of glass ionomers, less deleterious effects on the enamel and sustained fluoride release make it a good option for routine use in orthodontics.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000220.pdf