Enhancement of Facial Aesthetics and Function in Periodontally Compromised Adult Patients by an Interdisciplinary Approach: A Case Series

Periodontium is a common link between Orthodontics and Periodontics. Orthodontics is dependent on the inflammatory changes in periodontium for effective tooth movement. Orthodontic biomechanics and treatment planning are dependent on the health of periodontium and certain changes in the same are required while treating periodontally compromised adult patients. In this case series, we present successful management of two periodontally compromised adult patients by an interdisciplinary team approach.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000136.pdf 

Historiography of Immunology in Oral Pathology-A Concise Review

The historiography of immunology has become a bustling, pluripotent discipline, and continues to develop in many new and exciting directions that include immunohistochemistry and immunopathology in the field of Oral pathology. Immunology, the science that studies the structure and functioning of the immune system, began long before anyone knew about disease causing microbes or even that individuals had an immune system that protected the body against disease. In the field of Oral pathology, one encounters various immunological diseases in routine day-to-day practice, hence having the complete knowledge on this aspect which many a times is overlooked, is of utmost importance for proper investigations and latest research in this field that in turn comes from the past historical knowledge. The terminology and techniques today have the foundation in the past. The historical considerations of past events give perspective to the present programmes and direction for future development. Hence, the present review is a good starting point for compiling the historiography of immunology in the field of Oral pathology and includes a short compilation of the past historical background about basic immunology, hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. In addition, future consideration of this discipline in Oral pathology should be emphasized and targeted.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000135.pdf

Pleomorphic Adenoma of Buccal Mucosa: An Uncommon Presentation among Cheek Swellings

Cheek mass is a common presenting problem in Oral & Maxillofacial OPD. It may be due to many underlying causes like inflammation, cyst or neoplasm. Common cheek swellings sometimes come out as an uncommon lesion on histopathological examination where the provisional diagnosis is challenged. Therefore the final diagnosis of common small cheek swelling is not complete till its therapeutic removal and histopathological examination. We represent a case of young healthy female who reported with swelling of right side buccal mucosa which was finally diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma based on histopathologic examination.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000134.pdf

A Comparative Study to Access Cephalometric and Arch Width Characteristics of Class II Division 1 and Division 2 Malocclusions among a Indian and Turkish Population

Objective: To investigate the cephalometric and dental arch width in Indian population and to compare the same with Turkish population. Material and Methods: The dental arch dimensions of study cast of selected sample among Indian population was collected and the data was entered in the spreadsheet for the statistical analysis using SPSS software version 20.Inter examiner variability was tested among the trained dentist. The reliability between the examiners was tested two days prior to the study. Results: The difference of all the parameters was found to be significant when compared between Indian and Turkish population. Conclusion: The study yielded a database about dental arch width with different definitions by which different studies can be compared.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000133.pdf 

Human Papilloma Virus: Emerging Risk Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma among Asians

Oral and oro-pharyngeal cancer grouped together is the 6th most common cancer in the world. Annual estimated global incidence is around 300373 for oral cancer (GLOBOCAN 2012). South East Asia region (SEARO) accounting for 1/3rd of total incidence of oral cancer in the world. Globally Oral cancer is seen more commonly in men than in women. The risk of developing oral cancer increases with age and the majority of cases occur in people aged 50 years or over.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000132.pdf 

To Comparison of Standard and New Chelating Solutions in Endodontics

Background: The use of 17% EDTA, followed by NaOCl irrigation during root canal instrumentation has been reported to effectively remove the smear layer from the root dentine walls. But EDTA is considered a pollutant and so it would be useful to identify alternative agents that offer greater biocompatibility. Materials and methods: The root canals of fifty single-rooted were randomly divided into five groups (n=10): 0.3% chitosan, 17% EDTA, 20% citric acid, 2.25% peracetic acid, and a control group (deionized water). The total volume of each chelating solution was collected and analyzed by FAAS for quantification of calcium ions. The roots were split longitudinally and examined by SEM for assessment of smear layer removal. Results underwent statistical analysis by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tamhane’s test. Results: 17% EDTA and 20% citric acid showed similar capacities for smear layer removal, with significant difference in comparison with 0.3% chitosan and the control groups; there were no significant differences between different parts of the roots. The highest calcium ion concentration was observed with 20% citric acid. Conclusion: 20% citric acid, 17% EDTA, 2.25% peracetic acid and 0.3% chitosan all removed the smear layer from the middle and apical thirds of root canals.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000131.pdf

Immediate Implant Post-Extraction of Impacted Maxillary Canine: Systematic Review

Introduction: When impacted maxillary canines are not amenable to orthodontic traction or reimplantation, extraction is the only option available, followed by implant placement; this is a challenge due to the bone resorption frequently associated with complex tooth extraction that often necessitates bone grafting. Immediate dental implant placement appears to be the adequate strategy to replace missing teeth. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was the evaluation of implant placement immediately after removal of maxillary canine impacted. Methods: Detailed search in PubMed and Cochrane databases to obtain information on all reported cases and postoperative outcomes. There were no restrictions with regard to publication status or language of publication. Selection criteria: Only included all clinical reports of at least 1-year follow up and that treated by immediate implant in maxillary canine impacted extraction. Results: The initial database search produced 135 titles, after careful examination only 11 reports considered to be met the criteria for inclusion. The remaining reports were to be no met the criteria for inclusion. The results indicated a success rate significant for the procedure of immediate implant placement into impacted maxillary canine extraction socket accompanied by guided bone regeneration (GBR). This procedure allowing implant anchorage and primary stability to achieved. Conclusion: Our review suggest that this treatment is viable and with a good outcome, although more works is needed to determine adequate the results and thus determine the potential impact of this treatment alternative.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000130.pdf

Case Report: Treatment of Childhood Bruxism through the Rehabilitation Neuro-Occlusal

Currently has been observed an increase in the therapeutic demand in relation to bruxism in children, so we present a case of a girl in mixed dentition first phase, whose reason for consultation is the treatment of night bruxism. The therapeutic applied in this case is based on the technique of Neuro-Occlusal Rehabilitation.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000128.pdf

A Brief Discussion about the Use of Technologies in Life Sciences: Review and Future Perspectives

The introduction of digital technologies in dentistry is changing the workflow inside dental offices and laboratories, expanding the possibilities for each clinical case through introduction of new materials and techniques. Despite the fact that computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and digital scanning systems are not exactly new, their accuracy and reliability are under fast improvement and probably, in a few years, will dominate dental offices and dental schools.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000127.pdf

Periodontal Tissue Regeneration: Fact or Fiction?

Periodontal diseases are one of the most primeval and frequent diseases that have plagued mankind. In its varied forms, periodontal disease has been enmeshed with the damage or loss of investing tissues of the teeth. Over time, the treatment strategies to tackle such long standing diseases have evolved as our understanding of the disease process has enhanced. Blossoming from the earlier concept of arresting tissue loss, the current norm of treatment is aimed at reclaiming the lost periodontal tissues. Regeneration of the lost periodontium to its former robust state is now the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000126.pdf

Evolution of Denture Repair and a Review of New Era

Recurrent fracture of the denture base commonly occurs which represents annoyance for the clinician, and is time-consuming. A satisfactory denture repair material should match the color of the denture base and restores its original strength. Numerous researches investigated different repair materials, reinforcement, repair surface design, and surface treatment to improve the repair strength and avoid recurrent fracture of the denture base.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000125.pdf 

Salvaging Compromised Natural Teeth with Tooth Supported Telescopic Over Denture: A Case Report

Background: Telescopic dentures gained popularity in late 1980’s as an alternative to conventional complete dentures as well as conventional over dentures, due to the preservation of periodontium as well as the residual bone. A significant advantage of better retention, stability and support can be obtained with the remaining natural teeth. The residual ridge resorption is decreased significantly as a result of conversion of compressive forces into tensile forces through periodontal ligament, distributing even stresses. Materials and Methods: After the preparation of the abutments, a polyvinyl siloxane elastomer impression was made and the primary copings were fabricated on the subsequent cast obtained. After evaluating the fit of the primary copings on the abutments, they were cemented and an impression of the cemented primary copings was made for the fabrication of metal framework along with secondary copings which was included in the prosthesis. Conclusion: Tooth-supported, removable over dentures with telescopic crowns along with metal framework are a good alternative to the conventional removable dentures. These provide better occlusion, retention, stability, support, decrease in the forward sliding of the prosthesis and better control of the mandibular movements because of the proprioception feedback which increases the chewing efficiency and phonetics, as compared to the conventional complete dentures and over dentures.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000124.pdf 

Comparative Evaluation of Forces Generated by Two Different Rotary Endodontic File: A Finite Element Study

Aim: Aim of the study is to evaluate the lateral forces acting on the instruments in the apical 3rd of curved canal with two Nickel Titanium rotary systems. Methodology: two brand of instruments Protaper F2 and Mtwo were scanned with micro computed tomography to produce a real-size, 3-dimensional (3-D) model and were compared with each other. The stresses on the instrument during simulated shaping of the root canals were analyzed numerically using a 3 D finite element package and taking into account the nonlinear mechanical behavior of the NiTi material. Results: Mtwo file shows lower values for force generation in the apical 3rd of canal as compared to Protaper which shows higher values. Conclusion: With FE simulation of root canal shaping by two files, it was observed that different instrument designs would experience an unequal degree of force generation in the canal, as well as reaction torque from the root canal wall will be different.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000123.pdf

Assessment of Oral Health Status among Head and Neck and Oral Cancer Patients in Rajasthan State: An Infirmary Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background: The increase in number of cancer patients and their poor oral health South East Asia especially in India has prompted us to undertake this retrospective study. The aim isto assess the oral health status of head and neck and oral cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The present cross sectional descriptive study was conducted at the oncology and radiology department of SMS medical college and hospital, Rajasthan. Patients from all the districts of Rajasthan state are being referred to this centre. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews using a standardized questionnaire including socio-demographic variables, smoking, alcohol consumption, family history of cancer, infectious diseases, and diet. SPSS version 20 was used for the statistical analysis. Results: Of the cohort, male and female patients constitute 88.43% and 11.57% respectively. 66.53% of the patients were having missing teeth. Decayed and filled teeth were found in 55.37% and 7.44% cases respectively. Conclusion: The results indicate the existence of correlation between poor oral health status and HNC and oral cancer. The present study open new ventures for further longitudinal studies in the future considering other variables such as staging, nutritional status etc. should be conducted so as to make this situation more evident, determining clearly the role of poor oral health status as a risk factor for HNC and oral cancer. Prevention is the best possible way to fight cancer. Therefore focus should be on to have more health programs and initiatives that promote periodic oral examination.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000122.pdf 

Precise Iris Positioning in Ocular Prosthesis Using an Eyewear

Positioning the iris to the ideal symmetrical position is a critical step in the fabrication of an ocular prosthesis. A correctly placed iris lends a natural and aesthetic appearance to the ocular prosthesis whereas any asymmetry in this position leads to a squinted eye look.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000121.pdf 

Dental Implants in Children: A Code to Decipher

In our day today clinical practice, many a times we come across a situation in a child patient, where the oral rehabilitation is of prime importance. Congenital anodontia such as in patients of Ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip & palate and traumatic tooth loss are the frequently encountered in children. By convention, a removable partial denture is the treatment of choice for such cases as replacement of teeth by implants is generally restricted to patients with completed maxillofacial growth.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000120.pdf

Could the Freshly Extracted Teeth be a New Alternative for Autogenous Bone Grafts in Dento-Alveolar Bone Defects?

Dento-alveolar bony defects pose a significant problem when dental implants are planned. Dental implant placement in the atrophic alveolar ridge is often limited by the lack of alveolar bone height and width. Reconstructive alternatives for dento-alveolar bone defects are a prerequisite to enhance the success of dental implants functionally and aesthetically.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000119.pdf 

Treatment of Acute Apical Abscess in Diabetic Patient by Single Visit Endodontics- A Case Report

The aim of the case report is to describe the effectiveness and success of single visit endodontics in apical abscess in patient suffering from diabetes. Infected non vital tooth was treated with single visit endodontic and the abscess was drained in the same visit. The patient was kept on follow up and the lesion showed good prognosis and was healed with in the period of 3 months although the patient was diabetic.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000118.pdf 

Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage with Different Composite Placement Technique in Preparation with High C Factor-An In vitro Study

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of different composite placement technique on microleakage in class I composite resin restoration with high C factor. Method: Standardized class-I cavities were prepared on 90 caries-free, extracted human premolars and were randomly assigned to three groups:  Horizontal incremental curing was done; each increment of thickness 1.5 mm was cured one after the other using curing unit (Rotex, Taiwan).  Concave surface was obtained with a ball burnisher on the first increment and cured for 20 seconds; subsequently, the next increment was placed and similarly cured.  Cavities were filled with resin, short of the occlusal surface; two cuts (mesiodistal and buccolingual) were made through the condensed resin and cured for 20 seconds, followed by addition of resin in the gaps created by the cuts and additional curing for 20 seconds. The specimens were stored in distilled water for three months and then subjected to thermocycling, followed by immersion in 0.5% methylene blue dye for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated for microleakage under stereomicroscope, and the scores obtained were analysed with Mann whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test. Result: The comparison of groups was statistically significant between Group I, Group II and Group III. Conclusion: split increment horizontal placement technique were capable of generating an effective bonding at the tooth/restoration interface followed by incremental horizontal placement technique and scoop shaped (concavity) technique.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000117.pdf

Multiple Expansile Jaw Radiolucencies Case Report

Cherubism is a congenital childhood disease of autosomal dominant inheritance, characterized by painless bilateral enlargement of the jaws, in which bone is replaced with fibrous tissue, and is well-known to regress without treatment following puberty. Boys are more affected than girls at the proportion of 2:1.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000116.pdf

Effect of Postoperative Bleaching on Clinical Performance of Three Contemporary Composite Resins

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical performance of three contemporary nano-composite resins placed in class IV cavities in maxillary teeth after in-office bleaching over one-year follow-up period. Methods: 15-subjects (selected according to specific criteria) with class IV cavities were divided into three groups according to the restorative material: Beautiful-II (Shofu Dental Corporation, USA), Ceram-x-mono (DeTrey, Dentsply, Germany) and IPS-EmpressDirect (Ivoclar Vivadent, USA). Each group was randomly restored with the (A1) shade of the same restorative material type (n=12). Clinical evaluation was carried out before bleaching (baseline), two days after, 3-months, 6-months, and one-year post-bleaching. Color match, retention, anatomic form, surface roughness, recurrent caries, marginal discoloration, and marginal integrity were evaluated using modified Ryge criteria. (A) and (B) scores were considered clinically acceptable, while (C) and (D) scores were considered clinically unacceptable. The data were statistically analysed using ANOVA and Chi-square test (Х2). Results: The three groups showed statistically significant difference in color match between teeth and composite restorations after inoffice bleaching. Post-bleaching color match was maintained within the acceptable range except for ISP-Empress-Direct group, which was inferior in color match and marginal integrity at one-year evaluation period and needed replacement. The survival rate of the three materials was 100%. All other evaluated parameters (anatomic form, surface roughness and marginal integrity) were considered clinically acceptable in one-year evaluation period. Conclusion: Postoperative In-office bleaching had no detrimental effect on any of the composite resins used over one-year period. When bleaching is used in conjunction with direct restoration, postoperative bleaching can be successfully performed by matching the anticipated whitened tooth shade using medium opaque nanohybrid composites. Using high translucent enamel and opaque dentin shade might not be recommended when in-office bleaching is planned. When postoperative bleaching is planned, the choice of the restorative material may influence the clinical outcome and long term success. Clinical relevance: There are various ways to use bleaching in conjunction with direct restoration. Preoperative bleaching may prolong the treatment phase. Postoperative bleaching may save time and effort if we can select a suitable composite resin that is resistant to bleaching and can match the anticipated color after bleaching.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000115.pdf

Postoperative evaluation of Conservative Surgical Approach on Central Giant Cell Granuloma of the Mandible: A case report

Aggressive form of central giant cell granuloma has always causes challenging problem for oral and maxillofacial surgeons due to their high recurrence rate (55% - 70%). Therefore repetitive and extensive surgical procedures are required to resolve them. That has adverse psychosocial consequences particularly in young age and is prohibitively expensive. On the other hand, non-surgical procedures reported in literature also showed failure of treatment and need for future surgical intervention for aggressive central giant cell granuloma. Nevertheless, combined conservative surgical approach such as surgical curettage + peripheral osteotomy + local application of Carnoy’s solution followed by Iodoform gauze packing till complete soft tissue healing is advantageous for non-perforated large aggressive central giant cell granuloma. The aim of this study was to report the outcome of combined conservative surgical approach for aggressive central giant cell granuloma. The follow-up duration of the cases was 15 months.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000114.pdf

Zirconia Based Crowns for Esthetic Rehabilitation of Severely Discolored Teeth

According to studies, the smile is the first contact in human relationship. With the "media smile" in our society today, esthetic concerns of our patients are increasing. In our article a 38-year female patient consults for an esthetically compromised smile due to discolored upper anterior teeth and she requests anesthetic smile rehabilitation. Incisive, canines and premolars were restored with CAD/CAM zirconia based ceramic crowns.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000113.pdf

Quality of Root Canal Fillings Performed by Undergraduate Students at the College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the technical quality of root canal fillings performed by undergraduate students in the first clinical case assigned to them in their clinical years at the College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, UAE. Material and Methods: Radiographs of 108 root canal treated teeth were examined to determine the quality of root canal fillings performed by undergraduate dental students on their first clinical case of endodontic treatment on a singlerooted tooth. Evaluations of the root-filled teeth were classified as being acceptable, under-filled or over-filled and with or without the presence of voids. The presence or absence of perforation and fractured instruments were also examined. Results: Results showed that out of 108 teeth treated, 84 cases(78%) were classified as acceptable, 9 (8%) as under filled and 15 (14%) as overfilled respectively. 31 (29%) cases had voids present within the root canal filling and 85% of the root canal fillings showed good taper. Conclusion: The learning experience provided to students through theoretical instructions and in-vitro laboratory exercises were able to achieve the expected clinical competency in endodontic for the novice general dental practitioners in undergraduate teaching clinics.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000112.pdf 

Reconstruction of Endodontically Treated Teeth Using Anatomic Fiber Posts: A Case Report

A clinical case is presented in which the prosthetic restoration of two anterior teeth, esthetically compromised was required. Quartz fiber posts were used in wide non rounded root canals. A relining technique with composite resin was used to accomplish a better adaptation of the tooth posts to the internal walls of the tooth, thus reducing the required quantity of adhesive resin cement and achieve a best friction to favor fixation. In this research it is emphasized the importance of communication, teamwork and integration of prosthetic as well as endodontic concepts to confront the challenge of a better adaptation of the posts to non rounded root canals.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000111.pdf

Polymerization Shrinkage Stresses of Low Shrink Versus Conventional Micro-Hybrid Composites MOD Restorations: A 3-D Finite Element Analysis Study

Using 3-D finite element analysis (FEA), this study aimed to test the hypothesis that dimethacrylate-based composites (Filtek Z250) with greater polymerization shrinkage will show higher stress generation, within the restorative material system and the supporting structures, than low shrink silorane-based composites (Filtek P90), particularly in large cavities (MOD). A tooth model for maxillary first molar with a MOD cavity was constructed using Solid works Premium 2012 software. The ANSYS 13.0 software was used to assign the materials and tissues properties. A 3D structural static finite element analysis was then conducted. Data analysis revealed that the resulting Von Mises Equivalent Stresses (MES) generated within the enamel, dentin and composite were higher with Filtek Z250. MES increased monotonically as the polymerization process progressed. The highest MES existed at the axio-gingival line angle and cervical cavo-surface margin of enamel, dentin and adhesives. Within the composite material, the highest MES existed at the restoration occluso-axial surface. As a clinical consequence, the composite material system with higher polymerization shrinkage stresses is more susceptible to microcracking and accordingly earlier failure than low shrink system.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000110.pdf 

Oral Health Parameters of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients Undergoing Heamodialysis- A Comparative Study

Objective of study: There is rising incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. Although the oral health parameters have been examined and reported among CKD patients, investigations of diabetic heamodialytic patients are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess and compare dental and periodontal health parameters between diabetic and non diabetic heamodialysis patients in Karachi. Materials & methods: A total of 100 heamodialysis patients were allocated as diabetic and non diabetic as per their HbA1c level and examined for dental caries and periodontal health using DMFT, PI, CPI and CAL indices with protocol given by WHO. Socio-demographics and medical history was recorded. All examinations were performed in pre-dialysis phase and by single-blinded examiner. Statistical tests of Chi square and student-tests were used for comparing percentages and mean differences between groups (p-value <0.05). Findings: Among all socio-demographic variables, distribution of gender and duration of dialysis were not significantly different in between groups. There is a significant difference in all indices between both groups. DMFT mean was high among non diabetic patients and plaque scores were high among diabetics. Bleeding was more among diabetic patients and CAL showed more than 6mm attachment loss in same group. Discussion: This study reveals that diabetic patients exhibit higher tendency for bleeding on probing, moderate level of attachment loss and abundance of plaque deposits as compared to non diabetic group. There is a need of further research to establish associations between diabetic nephropathy and oral health.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000109.pdf

Minimal Invasive Single Papilla Sling Suture Technique

Suture techniques are essential parts of flap operations, and different suture techniques are used for different purposes. This paper describes a new suture technique for suturing a flap rised on one surface and involving only one side of the papilla. The advantages of this technique include avoidance of trauma on the surface of the papilla which was not elevated, and elimination of the need of extra anesthesia.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000108.pdf 

Autologus Barriers, Fillers and Growing Factors: Using the Secondary Pathway of Haemostasis in Dental Clinics-Report of Four Clinical Cases

Haemostasis is an important system that maintain the hydrolytic balance of the body. The secondary pathway of this system produce a fibrin network to improve coagulation and regeneration. Platelet rich in fibrin, use the secondary pathway of haemostasis to isolate large quantities of fibrin in vitro, for clinical uses. In dental clinic, for improve bone regeneration, the PRF protocol it has become the principal toll for these purposes, leading a predictable bone regeneration and rapid osseointegration.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000107.pdf

Grandma Remedies and Herbal Medicines for Relieving Toothache

Traditional medicine and herbal medicine seems to become popular in the world. Sometimes, application of old remedies can help to control dental pain before visiting a dentist. Some people prefer to apply traditional medicine due to side effects of most of the analgesics and pain relievers. In this paper I gathered the most valuable information about the old remedies and herbal medicine in the case of emergency use to relief toothache before going to a dental office.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000106.pdf

Effect of Olea Extracts on Oral Candida in Patients Wearing Dentures of Different Base Materials

Background: Through the last recent years many researches started to investigate the properties of Aloe vera. Aloe vera proved to have wide ranges of activities in different fields of medicine. Objective: The study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity of Aloe Vera extract in aqueous and alcoholic solvents against Candida albicans species which isolated from dentures of patients with denture stomatitis. Material Method: Twenty six patients with denture stomatitis, Candida albicans were isolated and identified by using a routine microbiology method which includes the microscopically examination, culture and biochemical test by using API test. Preparation of aloe Vera extracts (watery and alcoholic) in different concentration was done, then the antifungal activity of aloe Vera for both extracts types were tested by using candida colony count after cultivated on culture media and agar well diffusion method to estimation the diameters of inhibition zone in different concentration. Results: The results revealed that the Aloe Vera contained substantial antimicrobial efficacy. The alcoholic extracts induce significant inhibition in growth of candida albicans in comparison to aqueous one and the inhibitory effect was found to be variable with the applied concentration. The candida species that isolated from nylon dentures was more sensitive than that isolated from acrylic dentures to Olea extract of different forms. Conclusion: Olea Vera extracts in high concentration have a reliable antifungal activity, alcoholic extract of Olea was more effective than aqueous type and can be used as an alternative to traditional antiseptic solution.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000105.pdf

Alternative Option to Treat Crowding by Direct Veneering Layering (Case Report)

Introduction: A thirty one years old male patient attended our private dental clinic complaining of crowding in the mandibular six anterior teeth. The patient refused any kind of orthodontics treatment. Also he refused any kind of treatment includes teeth preparation. After extra and intra-oral examination, a diagnostic cast was fabricated to analyze the patient’s smile line. Despite the fact that most of the corrected cases for orthodontics measures carried by indirect ceramic veneers, a direct veneering layering technique has been considered as the treatment option for this case .So the aim of this study is to introduce an alternative method to orthodontic approach for the management of crowded mandibular anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: Empress direct material® was selected for this case to carry out direct veneering layering technique. It is a product of Ivoclar Vivadent Company. A wax up pattern was made on a diagnostic cast to analyze the smile line and to estimate the level of the mandibular arch to get the best final aesthetic result. All the six anterior teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid and a fifth generation bonding of ivoclar was used (Excite F)..)® Results: A cosmetically acceptable aesthetic smile line has been achieved and the de-arrangement of the crowding was corrected with an acceptable level. The patient was satisfied with the results. Conclusion: For some cases, direct composite veneer layering is suitable, hassle free and cost effective alternative to orthodontic treatment or traditional porcelain veneers, with reasonable aesthetic results.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000104.pdf 

Children’s Behaviour in the Dental Setting according to Frankl Behaviour Rating and their Influencing Factors

Background: Execution of eminence oral health care to child dental patients to a large extent depends on the child’s behaviour during a dental visit. This study assessed children’s behaviour using Frankl behaviour rating scale and examined the influencing factors. Methods: A cross sectional study among 222 children aged 3 to 12 years attending a university dental clinic for routine dental care. They were interviewed on social background; their behaviours were observed then rated and clinically examined. Children’s behaviour was reported as mean, differences between groups in prevalence scores and odds ratio, OR. The level of statistical significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: In general 48.6% of the children had a mean score of positive behaviour. More than 50.0% of the children who were six years or older, attending primary school, whose parents had secondary education or higher, displayed positive behaviour compared to their counterparts. A child who had not started school was less likely to have positive behaviour with OR 0.21(0.04, 0.99) for negative, 0.09(0.02, 0.42) for positive and 0.05(0.01, 0.44) for definitely positive. Children who visited the clinic due to pain were less likely to behave definitely positive OR 0.14(0.03, 0.81) while those who were cooperative at a previous dental visit were more likely to behave both positive and definitely positive, OR 4.26(1.01, 17.96) and 9.45(1.68, 53.39), respectively. Conclusion: Most children behaved positively and their behaviour was influenced by socio-demographics, family socialization and environment related to dental settings.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000103.pdf

Bonding to Zirconia (A Systematic Review)

The aim was set for this systematic review: to analyze the recent techniques of bonding to zirconia. Current literature of in vitro studies regarding bond strength achieved using different surface treatments on zirconia in combination with adhesive cement systems was selected from PubMed and systematically analyzed and completed with reference tracking. The total number of publications included was 557 studies. The surface treatments are divided into two main groups: Surface micro roughness techniques and chemical surface treatment. Conclusion, Fusion sputtering , Selective infiltration etching ,Plasma oxyfluoride, Nano-alumina coating, Application of a tribochemical silica coating, Zirconia & metal primers or Zirconia particle deposition can result in sufficient bond strength for the bonding of oxide ceramics. Resin cements containing esteric organophosphate monomer (MDP) have shown in different studies a higher capacity of adhesion and stability after aging process; this is attributed to the capacity to bind metal oxides such as zirconium oxide (ZrO2).

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000102.pdf

Marginal Adaptation, Fracture Resistance and Failure Patterns of Two CAD/CAM Overlays

Statement of problem Coronal rehabilitation of endodontically treated posterior teeth is still a controversial issue. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate marginal adaptation, fracture resistance and failure patterns of two CAD / CAM overlays compared to direct fiber post reinforced composite (FPR composite). Materials and methods: Fifty maxillary premolars received endodontic treatment and cavity prepared for overlay were used and randomly distributed into 5groups and restored as following: Zirconia overlay (Katana Zirconia HT), Resin Nano Ceramic overlay (Lava Ultimate) , Glass fiber post and composite (Filtek Z250), Direct composite resin (Filtek Z250). While unrestored specimens served as a negative control. Vertical marginal gap was examined under the stereomicroscope. Fracture resistance test was carried out using a universal testing machine, and presence of micro-cracks was detected using a stereomicroscope. The fracture mode of the specimen was identified using scanning electron microscopy: (n=10, α=0.05). Results: Statistical analysis of marginal gaps revealed significant statistical differences as CAD/CAM overlays had higher vertical marginal gap, Katana zirconia (118±39.9), Lava ultimate (107.4±28.9), compared to FPR composite (73.5±21.14) and direct composite (66.6±31) (F=13.1, p =0.022).There was a statistically significant difference (F= 42.9, p<0.001) between fracture resistance of Katana zirconia overlays and all comparing groups, and Katana zirconia overlays did not showed any fracture. Conclusion: CAD/CAM overlays (zirconia and lava ultimate) showed a significantly higher marginal discrepancy than FPR composite and direct composite resin. Fracture resistance of Zirconium overlays was significantly higher than Resin Nano Ceramic and FPR composite which used for restoration of endodontic treated teeth. Clinical Implications: Zirconium overlays, Resin Nano Ceramic overlay are conservative treatment option that could be used to restore damaged endodontic treated teeth in comparison to the full crown restoration.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000101.pdf

Prophylactic Antibiotic Regimens in Conjunction with Routine Dental Implant Placement

Mandibular advancement surgery is usually indicated in skeletally mature patients with hypoplastic mandible for restoration of harmonious maxillomandibular relationship in all the three planes apart from improving facial aesthetics, oro-facial functions and overall quality of life. Mandibular advancement is also an effective modality for treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with minimal incidence of post-operative complications. This case series describes interdisciplinary management of two skeletal Class II cases with hypoplastic mandible and associated Obstructive Sleep Apnea with mandibular advancement surgery. This would help the clinician in diagnosis and treatment planning of such cases.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000233.pdf

Effects on Facial Aesthetics and Apnoeic Snoring after Mandibular Advancement with Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy: Two Case Reports

Mandibular advancement surgery is usually indicated in skeletally mature patients with hypoplastic mandible for restoration of harmonious maxillomandibular relationship in all the three planes apart from improving facial aesthetics, oro-facial functions and overall quality of life. Mandibular advancement is also an effective modality for treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with minimal incidence of post-operative complications. This case series describes interdisciplinary management of two skeletal Class II cases with hypoplastic mandible and associated Obstructive Sleep Apnea with mandibular advancement surgery. This would help the clinician in diagnosis and treatment planning of such cases.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000232.pdf

Prevalence of Dental Caries among Sugar Factory Workers - A Cross Sectional Survey

Introduction: Workers in sugar factories are considered to be at high risk for dental caries which is attributed to chronic exposure to sugar dust. Aims: Aim of the survey was to assess the prevalence of dental caries among the sugar factory workers in Davangere district, Karnataka, India. Settings and Design: A cross sectional survey Methods and Material: Voluntary written informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Data pertaining demographic characteristics, oral habits, dietary habits was collected using pretested study Performa along with details of caries experience and oral hygiene status (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth - DMFT Index and Oral Hygiene Index Simplified- OHI S Index). Examiners were trained and calibrated for the recording of indices. Statistical analysis used: Mann Whitney U tests, Kruskal Wallis ANOVA and Linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 315 participants were screened and the prevalence of dental caries was 88.4% among study population with the mean DMFT 3.58 ± 2.94. There was no significant difference in the caries experience of two different sugar factory workers. The caries experience of lower /lower middle class (3.97± 3.23) was significantly higher than the middle/ upper class (p<0.05). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries and mean DMFT was high among sugar factory workers in Davangere district. The caries experience was more among workers who brushed less frequently and had poor oral hygiene and who were engaged in pan chewing and alcohol consumption. The caries experience was significantly higher among low socio economic group compared to high and middle class groups.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000231.pdf

The Role of the Orthodontist during the Management of Patient with the Lip and Palatale Cleft

Objective: was the aim of this study was to assess cleft lip and /or palate (CL/P) patient’s management strategies, to determine the role of the orthodontist during primary and secondary treatment, to highlight the treatment needs of patients with cleft palates and to develop a management protocol suitable for these patients in order to reduce the sequelae. Materials and Methods: Through a cross-sectional descriptive study within the dento- facial orthopedic department of the dental consultation and treatment center of Casablanca, 120 patients with labio-alveolo-palato-velar clefts were interviewed and examined. A six page questionnaire was designed to collect the information needed for this study. Results: 51,7 % of the patients were males and 48,3% were females, primary surgery was generally done during the first months after birth, the lip and nose repair at the age of 6 months, the uranoplasty and veloplasty at the age of 12 months, bone grafting surgery was mainly done in patients between 5 and 11 years old .Orthodontic treatment was started in mixed dentition. Treatment of nasal, labial, and phonatory sequelea were provided later in life. Conclusion: The management of patients with CLP is still poor and needs further investigation in order to gain insight into persisting problems and needs.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000230.pdf

Correlation between the Perception of Personal Dental Appearance and the Residual Treatment Need amongst Underserved Indian Adolescents

Background: Measurement of malocclusion as a public health problem is extremely difficult since individual perceptions of malocclusion differs widely. Hence, planning orthodontic treatment within a public system requires information regarding aesthetic perception, their need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study assessed perception of dental attractiveness along with the need and demand for orthodontic treatment amongst Indian school children belonging to low socio-economic status. Study was conducted in North zone of Bangalore city; India involving 1010 children (460 boys and 550 girls) aged 12-15 years ‘government high schools. Pre-structured questionnaire in English language was administered including demographic characteristics, awareness of children’s own occlusions along with the visual perceptions of malocclusion comprising of two questions related to 10 standard intra-oral IOTN (Index of Orthodontic and Treatment Need) frontal photographs on which the subjects had to give an opinion about attractiveness. Clinical examination was also done using DAI (Dental Aesthetic Index) to assess severity of malocclusion along with its corresponding treatment need for the subjects. Results: Statistically significant difference was obtained between the subjective perception of occlusion amongst boys and girls. A negative although insignificant correlation was also observed between dental aesthetic index and the subjective perception of malocclusion for children belonging to low socio-economic status. Conclusion: Significant proportions of the children belonging to low socio-economic status were unaware and viewed their dental appearance as pleasant. Thus, there is a residual unmet need for orthodontic treatment among a majority of Indian children.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000229.pdf

Mouth Breather Diagnosis Considerations-A Critical Review

Introduction: The habit of oral respirator is characterized by the deleterious act of breathing through the mouth. It Is induced by anatomical alterations that cause respiratory disturbances inducing the affected children to use the oral route to breathe. Objective: This study aimed to perform a critical review of part of the literature to explain the mechanisms of oral respirator diagnosis, as well as the importance of it. Methods: We arbitrarily selected 30 relevant articles on the topic approached from the databases PUBMED/MEDLINE, SCIELO and LILACS, and extracted the main information for the production of this review. Results: Mouth breathing occurs by narrowing or obstruction of the airways that prevent the passage of air, causing the individual to breathe through the mouth. Hypertrophy of the tonsils and adenoids are common causes, being frequently diagnosed in children between 4 and 11 years of age. The habit of mouth breathing presents clinical manifestations peculiar to it, which imply biological, physiological, orthopedic and aesthetic alterations. Conclusion: For this, it is necessary that a multidisciplinary team perform the diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is essential that the dentist has the clinical knowledge for the management of the diagnosis and treatment of the oral respirator for the best quality of life of the patient.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000228.pdf 

Self Assembly Peptides- Biomimetic Material

Self-assembling peptides are peptides which undergo spontaneous assembling into ordered nanostructures. As dentistry we are moving towards minimal invasive methods and hence there is a growing interest with regard to this new material. Self assembling peptides can prevent dental caries at an early stage thus preventing surgical process of cavity preparation and restorations.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000227.pdf 

Association between Dental Agenesis and Cancer-A Systematic Review of Literature

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with clinical and etiological diversity. Teeth are formed from neural crest-derived mesenchyme and epithelium of the first branchial arch and part of the frontonasal process. Dental agenesis is characterized by congenital absence of teeth, affecting approximately 5% to 7% of the population, being more prevalent in the permanent dentition. Some types of cancers such colorectal, ovarian, lung and breast are described as containing association with dental agenesis, having induction factors in association where the mutation in some genes functions as these induction factors for the two pathologies. Through the model of the PRISMA review platform, literature databases were analyzed, where keywords of association of dental agenesis and cancer were used. We found 151 articles that made the association, but only 7 specifically met the search requirements. Some genes such as AXIN2, EDA, FGF3, FGFR2, FGFR10, MSX1 and PAX9 are directly associated with dental agenesis and cancers, such as colorectal, ovarian, lung and breast, since the inactivation of some of them also acts as an induction factor in the developmental predisposition neoplastic. More genetic studies are needed to prove the association between dental agenesis and other types of cancers. However, it is observed that people with dental agenesis already have pre-established genetic alterations, which acts as a facilitator of the development of cancer.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000226.pdf

The Use of Botox Injection to Treat Cerebral Palsy in Children

Background: Cerebral Palsy is the most common neuromuscular disability in children. It is a group of permanent disorders related to development of movement and posture that occurs in the infant’s brain. Cerebral Palsy results in spascitiy, along with many different abnormalities such as visual impairment, hearing loss salivation and speech problems. Although, these symptoms were previously treated by surgical intervention, during the recent years Botulinum Toxin A (BTXA) has gained popularity and acceptance from FDA and proved to a more superior approach in treatment of cerebral palsy when applied through a multilevel integrated approach. Objective: To understand the mechanism of action of BXA, to find out the recommended age, dose and technique and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of BTXA. Methodology: A literature review of more than 60 articles that were classified into 20 literature review, 20 RCT and others case control or cohort studies using a medical engine (Pubmed) were analyzed, organized and summarized. Results: Many studies have recommended earlier intervention for treatment of children with BTXA as children with younger age (2-6 years) show better response as their motion and gait patterns are still flexible. Furthermore, no technique or dose has proven to be more effective in treatment of cerebral palsy, even though literature shows the short life of BTXA (3 months) more established studies have found that repeated injections (up to 3 injections) have shown to increase the quality of life and gross motor function of these children up to 18 months after their injection. Conclusion: BTXA injections have proven to be effective in improving the gross motor function and quality of life of children with Cerebral Palsy. Also, BTXA injections have shown to be effective in treating dental symptoms of children with CP such as sialorrhea. The recommended approach for BTXA injections is a multilevel approach this can be done by combining the injections with conservative therapies such as physiotherapy, orthodontic management or casts. All adverse events associated with BTXA have been rated mild to moderate; no severe effects were reported.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000225.pdf 

Use or Misuse of Antibiotics in Pediatric Dentistry!!!

In children, unjustified used of antibiotic is very common; specifically for ear and dental infections. Antibiotics are used in dentistry for two for most reasons: to control oral infection and to reduce systemic bacteremia. Antibiotics are universally prescribed by dentists, uses and mishandlings of these drugs should be accustomed to all committed clinicians. Physiological as well as the correct dosage of the medicine is equally important. In this article, the dental conditions and appropriate antibiotics are mentioned. The intracanal medicaments are mentioned. The appropriate use of antibiotics is advised for Pediatric age group.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000224.pdf

Esthetic Replacement of Composite Veneers by Lithium Disilicate (E.Max CAD) Based Crowns: A Case Report

This case report highlights the rehabilitation of aesthetic smile by Lithium Disilicate (IPS e.max CAD) ceramic crowns of all upper anterior teeth that were compromised due to previous defective old composite veneers with poor color and design in esthetic zone.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000223.pdf 

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst- A Rare Case Report

Incisive canal cyst or nasopalatine duct cyst are the most common non odontogenic cysts of the maxilla. These are developmental cysts and are usually asymptomatic, occasionally produces a swelling in the anterior region of the palate and associated pain if secondarily infected. Histopathology shows non-keratinized epithelium with pseudo stratification, ciliation, with neurovascular bundles in the capsular wall. Surgical enucleation of the cyst is the main stay of treatment. Here we report the case of a 16 year old female patient with NPDC.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000222.pdf

A Review on Modalities of Treatment of External Cervical Root Resorption

External cervical resorption (ECR) describes the loss of dental hard tissue beginning at the cervical region of the root surface as a result of odontoclastic action. Studies have shown a prevalence of post traumatic injuries to permanent teeth that range from 3.9% to 58.6%.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000221.pdf

Evaluation of Bond Strength & Enamel Alterations with the Contemporary Light Cure Orthodontic Adhesives: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study

Introduction: The introduction of acid etch technique in orthodontics has partially eliminated the banding technique due to factors like conservation of band space, prevention of decalcification beneath the loose bands and improved aesthetics and decreased cost. Two paste system, no mix adhesive, light activated direct bonding material and adhesive pre-coated brackets are present modifications of adhesive formulations. Materials and Methods: The sample of this in-vitro study consisted of ninety caries free, intact extracted mandibular first molar teeth. The roots of the teeth were embedded in the centre of a cold cure acrylic. A molar tube of 0.018” Roth prescription with micro etched base was bonded to each molar with three different bonding agents. All the molar tubes were subsequently tested for evaluation of shear bond strength with a universal testing machine. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the effect of various light cure adhesives on the enamel morphology. Results: Transbond-XT exhibited the highest bond strength (22.6 MPa) closely followed by Transbond Plus SEP (19.6 MPa) and GC Fuji Ortho LC (13.89 MPa). Conclusions: The adequate bond strength of glass ionomers, less deleterious effects on the enamel and sustained fluoride release make it a good option for routine use in orthodontics.

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https://medwinpublishers.com/OAJDS/OAJDS16000220.pdf